1. Check the new bearings one by one
The company uses new bearing shafts instead of overhauled bearings. There are not many quality problems in the bearings themselves, but they cannot be ruled out. The new bearings to be installed are inspected one by one, mainly to check the inner and outer rings, rollers, cages and rivets of the bearing for no bumps, deformation, looseness, rust and other defects. Once the defective bearing is found, measures shall be taken in time to prohibit loading and use.
Common faults of new bearings include the following phenomena: rivets are corroded and loose, rollers are scratched, cages are scratched, and burrs are not cleaned.
2. Control the quality of assembly
When the outer ring of the bearing is press-fitted, the entire bearing end surface should be uniformly stressed to avoid the bearing's bias deformation. Generally, a large flat surface is used to contact the bearing end surface to press-fit the bearing in place. At the same time, the roundness of the bearing hole and the shaft bearing block should be strictly controlled to avoid deformation of the bearing after assembly. When assembling the rollers of the inner and outer rings of the bearing, guide rods are used to guide the matching of the inner and outer rings of the bearing to avoid axial scratches on the rollers and raceways.
3. Cleanliness control
Grease should be stored in a closed environment, and the dust cover should be covered every time it is used to prevent foreign matter from entering the bearing room.
Bearing caps, oil guide tubes, end cap bearing chambers and other parts should be thoroughly cleaned with gasoline before assembly, and there must be no defects such as rust and foreign objects.
When the bearing is assembled, there must be no operations that affect the cleanliness of the bearing assembly, such as grinding, welding, polishing and other operations that generate dust and foreign objects. If conditions permit, the bearing assembly can be carried out in a closed environment.
The faults caused by foreign bodies can be observed and analyzed by electron microscope. The faults caused by foreign bodies generally include: pits caused by soft particles, pits formed by hardened steel particles, and pits formed by hard gravel.
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4. Reduce current corrosion
For DC motors, the possibility of bearing current corrosion is very small, mainly due to external reasons. Generally it is caused by abnormal welding. We need to clarify the welding requirements and the connection position of the ground wire during rework and subsequent welding to avoid current flowing through the bearing during welding.
The electric corrosion point caused by welding current has the phenomenon of burning and discoloration.
In addition, the AC motor itself will also generate shaft current when it is running, causing electrical corrosion failures in the bearings. In order to avoid such stories, generally AC motors use insulated bearings to reduce current corrosion failures. For a DC motor, an arc will be generated after a shot is fired during operation, which will cause the locomotive to over-current and ground. At this time, the arc will pass through the commutator ring, and then release through the bearing to the ground, which will cause the bearing to experience galvanic corrosion. Therefore, when the DC motor is fired, the bearing should be disassembled and checked to avoid electrical erosion.
5. Maintenance
The use of maintenance is a very important task, which requires the coordination of maintenance of each major operation section. Generally, every 20,000 kilometers of locomotives need to carry out oil replenishment maintenance for the motor bearings. The amount of oil added should be controlled: 20g-25g for the big end and 10g-15g for the small end. At the same time, the cleanliness of bearing grease should be ensured and the mixed use of grease should be avoided.
6. Other measures
It is necessary to train operators from time to time to establish quality awareness and improve overall quality. Strengthen communication with customers externally to reduce bearing failure caused by improper operation and maintenance.
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